*Result*: High-dose-rate Brachytherapy Monotherapy in Patients With Localised Prostate Cancer: Dose Modelling and Optimisation Using Computer Algorithms.

*Aims: Interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) is an effective therapy modality for patients with localized prostate carcinoma. The objectives of the study were to optimise the therapy regime variables using two models: response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN).
Materials and Methods: Thirty-one studies with 5651 patients were included (2078 patients presented as low-risk, 3077 patients with intermediate-risk, and 496 patients with high-risk). A comparison of these therapy schedules was carried out using an effective biologically effective dose (BED<subscript>ef</subscript>) that was calculated assuming the number of treatment days and dose (D) per day. The modelling and optimization of therapy parameters (BED<subscript>ef</subscript> and risk level) in order to obtain the maximum biochemical free survival (BFS) were carried out by the RSM and ANN models.
Results: An optimal treatment schedule (BFS = 97%) for patients presented with low-risk biochemical recurrence would be D = 26 Gy applied in one application, 2 fractions at least 6 h apart, within an overall treatment time of 1 day (BED<subscript>ef</subscript> = 251 Gy) by the RSM and ANN model. For patients presented with intermediate- or high-risk an optimal treatment regime (BFS = 94% and 90%, respectively) would be D = 38 Gy applied in one application, 4 fractions at least 6 h apart, with an overall treatment time of 2 days (BED<subscript>ef</subscript> = 279 Gy) by the RSM and ANN models.
Conclusions: The RSM and ANN models determine almost the same optimal values for the set of predicted therapy parameters that make a feasible selection of an optimal treatment regime.
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