*Result*: Importance of Plant Galls to the Diet and Nutrition of a Frugivorous Primate, Varecia variegata.
Title:
Importance of Plant Galls to the Diet and Nutrition of a Frugivorous Primate, Varecia variegata.
Authors:
Nantenaina RH; Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Irwin MT; Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA., Raoelinjanakolona NN; Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animales, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Rafidison VM; Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar., Rakotoarimanana V; Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar., de Araújo WS; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Razafindratsima OH; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Source:
American journal of primatology [Am J Primatol] 2025 Jun; Vol. 87 (6), pp. e70053.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8108949 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-2345 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02752565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Primatol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: New York : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: New York : Liss, c1981-
Original Publication: New York : Liss, c1981-
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Grant Information:
This study was funded by the Rufford Foundation for Nature Conservation (Nos. 25325-1 and 31073-2) and Idea Wild to R.H.N., as well as support from the University of California Berkeley and Dr. Peter Long at Oxford Brookes University.
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Madagascar; energy acquisition; functional traits; lemurs; tropical forests
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] Ireo gidro mpihinam‐boa dia mety mihinanaravina, felana,ary taho, mba hamenoany ny otrikaina sy ny angovo ilainy isan'andro ankoatry ireo efaazony avy amin'ny voankazo. Ny sasany amin'ireo biby ireo dia mety mihinanalagaly amin'ny ravinazava‐maniry, izay singatsy dia mahazatra miendrikakarazanavonto ateraky ny fitomboan'ny isan'ny selan‐java‐maniry rehefa misy bibikely manatody eo aminy. Mbolatsy diatenafantatraanefa ny mety ho vokatry ny fihinanan'ireo biby mpihinam‐boaizany lagaly amin'ny zava‐maniry izany. Noho izany, ity fikarohana nataonay ity dia nentina handinihina ny mety ho tombotsoaazon'ny varijatsy, izay fantatraamin'ny anarana siantifika hoe Varecia variegata,amin'ny fihinanaizany.Tao amin'ny ala mandon'Ihofa, faritra atsinanan'i Madagasikara no nanaovanay ity fikarohanaity, hamantarana ny hoe 1) firy ny tahan'ny lagalin‐java‐maniry ao anaty sakafony, sy ny otrikainaary angovo entiny ho azy ireo? 2) mirona hihinanavoaamin'ny hazo misy lagaly ve ireo varikaireo?ary farany, 3) mananatoetoetraivelany sy anatiny itovizanave ny lagaly sy ny voankazo? Hitatamin'ny fotoana nanaovanay ny fikarohana fa ny 12.96% ny sakafon'ny varijatsy dialagaly,ary an'ny andro sasany diatsy misy afa‐tsy lagaly ny sakafony. Ho fanampin'izay, mitondra proteina betsakakokoa noho ny voankazo ny fihinanany lagaly ary manome angovo ambony kokoa. Nahitakoaizahay fa mirona hihinanavoankazo bebe kokoaamin'ny hazo misy lagaly ny varijatsy, izany dia mety noho ny lagaly mananaloko sy tahan'otrikainasasany mitovy amin'ny an'ny voankazo. Ireto voka‐pikarohanaireto dia mampitombo ny fahalalana misy mombaireo gidro mpihinam‐boasy ny otrikainasy angovo ilainy ary ny fisafidianany sakafo. Mety hanampy ihany koaamin'ny famolavolana paikady hitandrovana ireo gidro ireo eo amin'ny toeranavoajanahary misy azy izany voka‐pikarohanaizany.
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] Ireo gidro mpihinam‐boa dia mety mihinanaravina, felana,ary taho, mba hamenoany ny otrikaina sy ny angovo ilainy isan'andro ankoatry ireo efaazony avy amin'ny voankazo. Ny sasany amin'ireo biby ireo dia mety mihinanalagaly amin'ny ravinazava‐maniry, izay singatsy dia mahazatra miendrikakarazanavonto ateraky ny fitomboan'ny isan'ny selan‐java‐maniry rehefa misy bibikely manatody eo aminy. Mbolatsy diatenafantatraanefa ny mety ho vokatry ny fihinanan'ireo biby mpihinam‐boaizany lagaly amin'ny zava‐maniry izany. Noho izany, ity fikarohana nataonay ity dia nentina handinihina ny mety ho tombotsoaazon'ny varijatsy, izay fantatraamin'ny anarana siantifika hoe Varecia variegata,amin'ny fihinanaizany.Tao amin'ny ala mandon'Ihofa, faritra atsinanan'i Madagasikara no nanaovanay ity fikarohanaity, hamantarana ny hoe 1) firy ny tahan'ny lagalin‐java‐maniry ao anaty sakafony, sy ny otrikainaary angovo entiny ho azy ireo? 2) mirona hihinanavoaamin'ny hazo misy lagaly ve ireo varikaireo?ary farany, 3) mananatoetoetraivelany sy anatiny itovizanave ny lagaly sy ny voankazo? Hitatamin'ny fotoana nanaovanay ny fikarohana fa ny 12.96% ny sakafon'ny varijatsy dialagaly,ary an'ny andro sasany diatsy misy afa‐tsy lagaly ny sakafony. Ho fanampin'izay, mitondra proteina betsakakokoa noho ny voankazo ny fihinanany lagaly ary manome angovo ambony kokoa. Nahitakoaizahay fa mirona hihinanavoankazo bebe kokoaamin'ny hazo misy lagaly ny varijatsy, izany dia mety noho ny lagaly mananaloko sy tahan'otrikainasasany mitovy amin'ny an'ny voankazo. Ireto voka‐pikarohanaireto dia mampitombo ny fahalalana misy mombaireo gidro mpihinam‐boasy ny otrikainasy angovo ilainy ary ny fisafidianany sakafo. Mety hanampy ihany koaamin'ny famolavolana paikady hitandrovana ireo gidro ireo eo amin'ny toeranavoajanahary misy azy izany voka‐pikarohanaizany.
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250608 Date Completed: 20250608 Latest Revision: 20250608
Update Code:
20260130
DOI:
10.1002/ajp.70053
PMID:
40483595
Database:
MEDLINE
*Further Information*
*Frugivorous primates may consume unusual food items, such as plant galls, to meet their nutritional requirements; yet, the contributions of these dietary components to their diet, nutrition requirements, and energy intakes are still unclear. We documented the importance of plant galls in these aspects for black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in a Malagasy rainforest. Using daily observation data of lemur foraging and nutritional analyses of their consumed items, we measured (1) the proportion of galls in their diet, (2) the rate at which they acquire nutrients and energy from galls compared to other food items, and (3) the changes in their diet patterns and acquisition of nutrients and energy with the consumption of galls. We also investigated whether they are more likely to consume fruits on trees with galls and characterized whether galls have similar characteristics as fruits. We found that plant galls constituted 12.96% of the lemur feeding occurrences; and on some days, lemur diets comprised galls only. Also, the lemurs acquired from galls higher protein than any other food items and higher sugar, fiber, and energy than leaves, but lower lipid than fruits and similar nutrients and energy as from flowers. The addition of galls in their diet significantly reduced their consumption of ripe fruits on a daily basis and increased the acquisition of protein, sugar, fiber, and energy. Also, lemurs were more likely to consume fruits on trees with galls than expected, likely due to similarities in color and nutrient components between galls and fruits in this system. These findings enhance our understanding of the nutritional needs and food selection behavior of primate frugivores. Such knowledge has implications for developing strategies to maintain primate populations in their natural environments and potentially to ensure the welfare of captive animals in ex-situ conservation settings.
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