*Result*: The spinal premotor network driving scratching flexor and extensor alternation.
Title:
The spinal premotor network driving scratching flexor and extensor alternation.
Authors:
Yao M; Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Physics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA., Nagamori A; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA., Campos Maçãs S; Clinic and Policlinic for Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany., Azim E; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: eazim@salk.edu., Sharpee T; Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Physics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: sharpee@salk.edu., Goulding M; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: goulding@salk.edu., Golomb D; Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology and Physics, Ben Gurion University, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel; School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben Gurion University, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel. Electronic address: golomb@bgu.ac.il., Gatto G; Clinic and Policlinic for Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: graziana.gatto@uk-koeln.de.
Source:
Cell reports [Cell Rep] 2025 Jun 24; Vol. 44 (6), pp. 115845. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 17.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101573691 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2211-1247 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: [Cambridge, MA] : Cell Press, c 2012-
MeSH Terms:
Comments:
Update of: bioRxiv. 2025 Jan 08:2025.01.08.631866. doi: 10.1101/2025.01.08.631866.. (PMID: 39829804)
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Neuron. 2017 May 3;94(3):447-464. (PMID: 28472650)
Neuroscientist. 2012 Feb;18(1):56-69. (PMID: 21518815)
J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 6;30(1):24-37. (PMID: 20053884)
Nature. 2013 Aug 1;500(7460):85-8. (PMID: 23812590)
Nat Commun. 2019 May 22;10(1):2268. (PMID: 31118414)
Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):550-4. (PMID: 26516282)
Bull Math Biol. 1995 May;57(3):413-39. (PMID: 7728115)
Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):357-63. (PMID: 24487617)
Neural Comput. 2024 Apr 23;36(5):759-780. (PMID: 38658025)
Nature. 2022 Oct;610(7932):526-531. (PMID: 36224394)
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 May;86(5):1445-57. (PMID: 10233103)
J Exp Biol. 2018 Nov 16;221(Pt 22):. (PMID: 30237238)
Brain Res. 1980 Jul 14;193(2):439-47. (PMID: 7388602)
J Physiol. 1998 Sep 1;511 ( Pt 2):611-27. (PMID: 9706036)
Curr Opin Physiol. 2019 Apr;8:84-93. (PMID: 31179403)
Exp Brain Res. 1983;53(1):81-90. (PMID: 6674000)
J Neurophysiol. 2015 Feb 15;113(4):1124-34. (PMID: 25520435)
Elife. 2015 Oct 14;4:. (PMID: 26465208)
Neural Comput. 2001 May;13(5):959-92. (PMID: 11359640)
Neural Comput. 2005 May;17(5):1084-108. (PMID: 15829101)
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2023 Jul 10;46:79-99. (PMID: 36854318)
J Anat. 2016 Oct;229(4):514-35. (PMID: 27173448)
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 24;9(2):e89992. (PMID: 24587172)
Elife. 2018 Mar 27;7:. (PMID: 29580378)
Science. 1974 Jul 12;185(4146):181-3. (PMID: 4834220)
J Neurophysiol. 2018 Jan 1;119(1):96-117. (PMID: 28978767)
Nature. 1987 Aug 13-19;328(6131):632-4. (PMID: 3112583)
Cell. 2015 Jan 29;160(3):503-15. (PMID: 25635458)
Neuron. 2014 Apr 2;82(1):138-50. (PMID: 24698273)
Neuron. 2008 Oct 9;60(1):84-96. (PMID: 18940590)
J Math Biol. 2006 Sep;53(3):474-89. (PMID: 16874500)
Brain Res. 1975 Dec 19;100(2):297-313. (PMID: 1192180)
Elife. 2022 Apr 27;11:. (PMID: 35476640)
Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 29;8(1):13050. (PMID: 30158555)
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Jul;10(7):507-18. (PMID: 19543221)
J Comput Neurosci. 2008 Oct;25(2):308-16. (PMID: 18483841)
J Neural Eng. 2008 Jun;5(2):175-84. (PMID: 18441419)
Neuron. 2014 Aug 20;83(4):934-43. (PMID: 25123308)
Cell Rep. 2016 Jun 14;15(11):2563-73. (PMID: 27264177)
Elife. 2016 Oct 26;5:. (PMID: 27782883)
Cell. 2016 Mar 24;165(1):207-219. (PMID: 26949184)
Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):390-3. (PMID: 17234950)
Elife. 2019 Jul 29;8:. (PMID: 31355747)
Cell. 2014 Dec 4;159(6):1417-1432. (PMID: 25467445)
Brain Res Rev. 2008 Jan;57(1):134-46. (PMID: 17936363)
J Neurosci. 2010 May 19;30(20):7061-71. (PMID: 20484648)
Nature. 2006 Mar 9;440(7081):215-9. (PMID: 16525473)
J Neurosci. 2004 Feb 4;24(5):1255-64. (PMID: 14762144)
Neural Comput. 1998 May 15;10(4):821-35. (PMID: 9573407)
J Physiol. 2011 May 15;589(Pt 10):2625-39. (PMID: 21486759)
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016 Apr;17(4):224-38. (PMID: 26935168)
PLoS Comput Biol. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002248. (PMID: 22046121)
Nat Commun. 2019 Jul 3;10(1):2937. (PMID: 31270315)
J Neurophysiol. 1978 Jul;41(4):1040-57. (PMID: 681987)
Neuron. 2018 Feb 21;97(4):869-884.e5. (PMID: 29398364)
J Neurosci. 2009 May 27;29(21):7098-109. (PMID: 19474336)
Neuron. 2022 Nov 16;110(22):3833-3851.e22. (PMID: 36113472)
J Physiol. 1914 Mar 31;48(1):18-46. (PMID: 16993247)
Neuron. 2020 Mar 18;105(6):1048-1061.e4. (PMID: 31982322)
Curr Biol. 2015 Jun 1;25(11):1426-36. (PMID: 25959968)
Neuron. 2007 Mar 1;53(5):735-46. (PMID: 17329212)
Neural Comput. 2003 Aug;15(8):1809-41. (PMID: 14511514)
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 27;7:41369. (PMID: 28128321)
J Biomech. 1992 Aug;25(8):945-8. (PMID: 1639839)
J Neurophysiol. 1978 Jul;41(4):1058-69. (PMID: 681988)
Biol Cybern. 1977 Dec 16;28(1):27-40. (PMID: 597508)
Neuron. 2008 Oct 9;60(1):70-83. (PMID: 18940589)
Front Neural Circuits. 2017 Dec 19;11:103. (PMID: 29311842)
Neirofiziologiia. 1981;13(1):58-66. (PMID: 7219606)
Compr Physiol. 2017 Mar 16;7(2):429-462. (PMID: 28333378)
J Neurosci. 1999 Apr 1;19(7):2511-21. (PMID: 10087065)
Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Sep 03;15:719388. (PMID: 34539363)
J Neurophysiol. 2006 Feb;95(2):1049-67. (PMID: 16236776)
J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 1999 Oct;20(7):627-43. (PMID: 10672511)
Neuron. 2017 May 3;94(3):447-464. (PMID: 28472650)
Grant Information:
R01 NS128898 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; F32 NS126231 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R35 NS111643 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; RF1 NS128898 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; U19 NS112959 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: CP: Neuroscience; CPGs; inhibition; modeling; neuronal perturbations; reflexes; rhythmogenesis; sensorimotor responses; spinal cord circuits
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250618 Date Completed: 20250627 Latest Revision: 20260305
Update Code:
20260305
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12277023
DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115845
PMID:
40531617
Database:
MEDLINE
*Further Information*
*Rhythmic motor behaviors are generated by neural networks termed central pattern generators (CPGs). Although locomotor CPGs have been extensively characterized, it remains unknown how the neuronal populations composing them interact to generate adaptive rhythms in mammals. We explored the cooperation dynamics among the three main populations of ipsilaterally projecting spinal CPG neurons-V1, V2a, and V2b neurons-in scratch reflex rhythmogenesis. Individual ablation of the three neuronal populations reduced the oscillation frequency. Activation of excitatory V2a neurons enhanced the oscillation frequency, while activating inhibitory V1 neurons suppressed movement. Building on these findings, we developed a neuromechanical model made of self-oscillating flexor and extensor modules coupled via inhibition. Rhythm frequency is increased by strong intra-module inhibition and facilitation mechanisms in excitatory neurons and decreased by strong inter-module inhibition. In sum, we describe how genetically identified neuron types and the strengths of their synaptic connections drive scratch rhythmogenesis.
(Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)*
*Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.*