*Result*: Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.
Title:
Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.
Authors:
Li GZ; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Liang ZQ; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Liang CY; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Xu ZL; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Yang J; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China., Liu JH; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China. E-mail: jhliu21@163.com.
Source:
Zoological research [Zool Res] 2026 Jan 18; Vol. 47 (1), pp. 188-214.
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Review
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Science Press Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 101697192 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2095-8137 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20958137 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Zool Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: Beijing, China : Science Press, 2016-
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Antiphage mechanism; Bacteria; Defense system; Homology; Phage
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Chinese] 作为微生物世界的重要成员，细菌始终面临来自噬菌体和质粒等可移动遗传元件（MGEs）的入侵。为了应对这些威胁，细菌演化出了多种结构精巧、机制各异的防御系统。该综述首先基于功能特征与作用机理构建了细菌防御系统的概念性框架，并系统阐述了不同系统的运行模式。在此基础上，我们深入探讨了细菌防御系统与真核生物抗病毒免疫之间的同源性，揭示了二者在彼此独立演化的过程中，所共有的保守分子模块仍然呈现出跨越不同生命界的免疫防御共通逻辑。最后，该文总结了源自细菌防御系统的生物技术工具，并介绍了其在作物与家畜性状改良、分子诊断与精准医学以及发酵菌株工程等领域的应用进展。通过综合讨论细菌防御系统的机制、同源性与应用创新，该综述深化了对细菌防御系统的系统性认识，并为未来更高效地开发与利用这些系统提供了有用参考。.
Local Abstract: [Publisher, Chinese] 作为微生物世界的重要成员，细菌始终面临来自噬菌体和质粒等可移动遗传元件（MGEs）的入侵。为了应对这些威胁，细菌演化出了多种结构精巧、机制各异的防御系统。该综述首先基于功能特征与作用机理构建了细菌防御系统的概念性框架，并系统阐述了不同系统的运行模式。在此基础上，我们深入探讨了细菌防御系统与真核生物抗病毒免疫之间的同源性，揭示了二者在彼此独立演化的过程中，所共有的保守分子模块仍然呈现出跨越不同生命界的免疫防御共通逻辑。最后，该文总结了源自细菌防御系统的生物技术工具，并介绍了其在作物与家畜性状改良、分子诊断与精准医学以及发酵菌株工程等领域的应用进展。通过综合讨论细菌防御系统的机制、同源性与应用创新，该综述深化了对细菌防御系统的系统性认识，并为未来更高效地开发与利用这些系统提供了有用参考。.
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20260128 Date Completed: 20260128 Latest Revision: 20260128
Update Code:
20260130
DOI:
10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.373
PMID:
41603026
Database:
MEDLINE
*Further Information*
*Bacteria, as fundamental members of the microbial biosphere, are under constant threat from mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including bacteriophages and plasmids. In response, diverse molecular defense strategies have emerged to detect, neutralize, and eliminate these invaders. This review provides a comprehensive framework for categorizing known bacterial defense systems based on mechanistic principles and modes of action, alongside a synthesis of core operational themes that underlie their functional diversity. Particular attention is given to evolutionary parallels between bacterial immunity and antiviral mechanisms in eukaryotes, with emphasis on conserved molecular modules that reflect a convergent logic of immune defense across biological domains. Biotechnology platforms harnessing bacterial defense systems are also examined, with a focus on their application across practical domains, including genetic enhancement of crops and livestock, development of molecular diagnostics and precision therapies, and optimization of microbial strains for industrial fermentation. By integrating mechanistic architecture, evolutionary relationships, and translational advances into a coherent framework, this review broadens the conceptual understanding of bacterial immunity and lays the groundwork for its expanded application in both research and biotechnological innovation.*