*Result*: Examining the Intersection of Land Laws and Digital Technology: Legal Challenges in Implementing Electronic Land Titles Registration in Tanzania.

*This study examines the intersection between land laws and digital technology in Tanzania, with a focus on the legal challenges affecting the implementation of electronic land titles. Before the introduction of digital systems, land registration in Tanzania relied on manual paper-based processes, which were slow, prone to errors, and vulnerable to fraud. The government introduced the Integrated Land Management Information System (ILMIS) to digitise land records, improve efficiency, enhance transparency, and reduce delays. Despite these technological advancements, the existing legal framework, including the Land Act [Cap. 113 R.E. 2025], Village Land Act [Cap. 114 R.E. 2024], Land Registration Act [Cap. 334 R.E. 2023], and Evidence Act [Cap. 6 R.E. 2022] still largely assume paperbased processes, creating gaps in legal recognition, procedural clarity, dispute resolution, and data security. Using a doctrinal methodology, the study critically analyses relevant laws, regulations, policies, and scholarly literature to identify the gaps and challenges in integrating digital land registration with the legal system. Key findings reveal the lack of statutory recognition for electronic land titles, the absence of definitions for digital concepts, institutional resistance, cybersecurity risks, and weaknesses in the legal infrastructure for dispute resolution. These challenges hinder the full adoption of ILMIS and create uncertainty for landowners, investors, and government institutions. The study concludes by recommending legal and institutional reforms, including amendments to existing land laws to recognise electronic titles, inclusion of digital procedures in the Registration of Documents Act, updates to the Evidence Act to cover digital records, creation of subsidiary regulations for e-titles, and integration of cybersecurity measures. These reforms aim to harmonise technology with law, enhance public confidence, and ensure an efficient, legally secure, and modern land administration system in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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