*Result*: Mathematical Modeling of Handover Behavior in UAV-Base Station (UAV-BS) Networks.
*Further Information*
*The progression toward fifth-generation (5G), beyond 5G (B5G), and sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks demands higher connectivity, increased capacity, and lower latency. To support these requirements, base station (BS) deployment must be enhanced. One innovative approach is the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (UAV-BS), extending coverage to both urban and rural environments while reducing the need for fixed infrastructure. This study proposes a novel mathematical modeling approach to analyze handover behavior in UAV-BS networks, aiming to evaluate the impact of key parameters on handover performance. The model focuses on two critical metrics, namely the probability of false handover initiation (Pa) and the probability of handover failure (Pf). These probabilities are derived under varying conditions, including different UAV-BS altitudes, inter-UAV distances, user equipment (UE) speed, and handover latency. The analysis model simulates a handover between UAV-BS (1) acting as the serving station and UAV-BS (2) acting as the target. Results show that higher UAV altitudes increase (Pa) due to overlapping coverage, while greater horizontal separation reduces Pf by enhancing signal distinction. Additionally, (Pf) rises with increased UE speed and latency. The proposed model achieves a lower Pf of 0.554, outperforming previous studies (Pf > 0.7), thus validating its predictive accuracy. By integrating spatial and mobility dynamics, this research contributes a robust and novel modeling framework to guide efficient UAV-BS design and adaptive mobility management in evolving wireless systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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