Treffer: Electric vehicle scheduling problem considering time-of-use electricity price.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are extensively utilised in modern in-plant logistics systems for cyclic material handling between storage facilities and assembly lines. The integration of EVs introduces additional complexities beyond traditional vehicle scheduling problems, necessitating both optimisation of task assignment and charging strategies. This study introduces an electric vehicle scheduling problem incorporating time-of-use electricity pricing (EVSP-ToU), addressing the concurrent optimisation of operational efficiency, charging costs and workload balance. The methodology encompasses a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation and an improved simulated annealing algorithm (ISA), featuring dynamic cooling rates, intelligent reheating mechanisms, and ToU-specific optimisation operators. Comprehensive computational experiments demonstrate the proposed algorithm's superiority over conventional simulated annealing and alternative metaheuristic approaches such as tabu search. Sensitivity analyses yield valuable insights for EV implementation in industrial logistics systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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